Match Day 4 Overview

This set leans heavily on how names—of diseases, financial indexes, dog breeds, historical events, TV performers, and snack brands—encode deeper meanings you can unpack. Kwashiorkor turns a Ghanaian Ga phrase about a deposed older child into the classic example of severe protein malnutrition in recently weaned toddlers,[^1] while VIX compresses the idea of option‑implied stock‑market volatility into a single ticker.[^2] Perro salchicha (sausage dog) and Hijra (Arabic for migration) show how straightforward translation can identify a dachshund and Muhammad’s 622 journey from Mecca to Yathrib/Medina.[^3]

On the culture‑and‑business side, the day ties together Emmy history—Edie Falco is uniquely the only woman to have won Primetime Emmys as Outstanding Lead Actress in both a drama (The Sopranos, 1999/2001/2003) and a comedy (Nurse Jackie, 2010)[^4]—with contemporary trademark disputes over Smucker’s Uncrustables frozen, crustless PB&J sandwiches and Trader Joe’s alleged copycats.[^5] As you review, focus on how question writers signal answers through etymology (Ga, Spanish, Arabic), abbreviations (the V in VIX), and cultural ubiquity (iconic TV roles and supermarket products), so that even partial knowledge can lead you to a strong educated guess.[^6]

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Study Notes

Question 1: Kwashiorkor and Protein Deficiency

Q1. SCIENCE - The dietary deficiency kwashiorkor, a Ghanaian language word for “disease of the baby deposed when the next one arrives”, is predominantly associated with a nutritional lack of what?

Kwashiorkor is a severe form of protein‑energy undernutrition in which calorie intake may be adequate but dietary protein is profoundly deficient, leading to edema, fatty liver, and other complications in young children.[^1] The term comes from the Ga language of Ghana and is often translated as the disease of the deposed child or the sickness the baby gets when the new baby comes, reflecting weaning from breastmilk to a low‑protein, starchy diet when a younger sibling is born.[^2]

Reasoning Tips

  • The clue spells out that kwashiorkor is a dietary deficiency seen in an older child pushed aside when a new baby arrives, a scenario that typically ends breastfeeding and replaces protein‑rich milk with a mainly starchy diet.[^3]
  • Medical sources classify kwashiorkor as predominantly a protein deficiency, whereas marasmus is deficiency of all macronutrients, so if you know those two are the classic severe malnutrition syndromes, protein is the stand‑out answer.[^4]
  • The Ghanaian etymology describing a deposed or displaced child is a strong hint that the condition is about what happens when breastfeeding stops too early rather than about a vitamin deficiency such as vitamin C (scurvy) or D (rickets).[^5]
  • Visual memory can help: famine photographs of children with very thin limbs but swollen bellies are textbook examples of kwashiorkor caused by protein‑poor, carbohydrate‑heavy diets.[^6]
  • On future questions, when you see the pair kwashiorkor and marasmus, remember the contrast: kwashiorkor = protein deficiency with edema; marasmus = overall calorie and protein deficiency with extreme wasting but little edema.[^7]

Sources

Question 2: VIX and Market Volatility

Q2. BUS/ECON - VIX is an index managed by Cboe Global Markets (formerly the Chicago Board Options Exchange) to measure the market’s expectation of what, as represented by the “V”?

VIX is the ticker for the Cboe Volatility Index, a widely followed gauge of the stock market’s expectation of near‑term volatility derived from S&P 500 index option prices.[^1]

Reasoning Tips

  • Cboe itself defines the VIX as a leading measure of market expectations of near‑term volatility conveyed by SPX option prices, so the letter V is explicitly tied to volatility.[^2]
  • The question’s phrasing about the market’s expectation (not current prices or trading volume) should push you toward implied volatility, which options‑based indices like VIX are designed to capture.[^3]
  • Financial media routinely call VIX Wall Street’s fear gauge or fear index, underscoring that it measures how turbulent traders expect markets to be rather than whether they expect prices to rise or fall.[^4]
  • Other plausible V words like value or volume do not match how Cboe and reference sources describe the index, so if you remember VIX as a volatility index at all, that should crowd out alternatives.[^5]

Sources

Question 3: Perro salchicha and Dachshunds

Q3. LANGUAGE - Perro salchicha is an informal name in many Spanish-speaking areas for what dog breed?

In Spanish, perro salchicha is an informal term meaning sausage dog and is widely used to refer to the dachshund, the small, long‑bodied, short‑legged hound breed.[^1]

Reasoning Tips

  • Break the phrase apart: perro means dog and salchicha means sausage, so perro salchicha literally points to the sausage dog nickname familiar in English.[^2]
  • Bilingual dictionaries translate perro salchicha directly as dachshund or sausage dog, and likewise translate dachshund into Spanish as perro salchicha.[^3]
  • Dachshunds are famously described as short‑legged, long‑bodied hounds, often called wiener dogs or sausage dogs, which aligns perfectly with the Spanish nickname.[^4]
  • Spanish also uses more formal breed terms such as teckel or dachshund, but the clue explicitly labels perro salchicha as informal, steering you toward a colloquial nickname‑based answer.[^5]
  • If you momentarily blank on the exact English breed name, picturing the long‑backed hot‑dog‑shaped dog might jog the memory that dachshund is the standard term.[^6]

Sources

Question 4: Edie Falco’s Drama and Comedy Emmys

Q4. TELEVISION - In the history of the Emmy Awards, there is exactly one woman who has won both Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series (doing so in 1999, 2001, 2003), and also Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series (in 2010). Name this woman, who was also nominated for her appearance in 30 Rock (2008) and lead role in Law & Order: True Crime—The Menendez Murders (2018).

Edie Falco is the only woman to have won Primetime Emmy Awards as Outstanding Lead Actress in both a drama series (for The Sopranos episodes College in 1999, Second Opinion in 2001, and Whitecaps in 2003) and a comedy series (for Nurse Jackie in 2010).[^1] She also received an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for 30 Rock (episode 210) in 2008 and a nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for portraying defense attorney Leslie Abramson in Law & Order: True Crime—The Menendez Murders (2018).[^2]

Reasoning Tips

  • The run of drama wins in 1999, 2001, and 2003 lines up with the peak years of HBO’s The Sopranos, whose leading actress Carmela Soprano was played by Edie Falco; Emmy records list her as the drama winner in those years.[^3]
  • The 2010 comedy win for Outstanding Lead Actress fits Showtime’s Nurse Jackie, in which Falco starred as Jackie Peyton and for which she won her fourth Emmy, this time in the comedy category.[^4]
  • The clue’s additional credits match her Emmy‑nominated work: she played C. C. Cunningham in 30 Rock episode 210 and Leslie Abramson in Law & Order: True Crime—The Menendez Murders, each performance earning her Emmy nominations.[^5]
  • NBC’s official character bio for Leslie Abramson explicitly notes that Falco is the only actress to have won Emmy lead‑actress awards in both the drama and comedy categories, which matches the question’s statement about exactly one woman.[^6]
  • In future quizzes, anytime you see a reference to both The Sopranos and Nurse Jackie in the same clue, Edie Falco should be your default guess, since those roles define her television career and award history.[^7]

Sources

Question 5: The Hijra/Hegira

Q5. WORLD HIST - In 622, Muhammad and Abu Bakr left Mecca to live among the people of Yathrib (later Medina) in an event whose Arabic name means “migration” or “breaking of ties.” What is this event called?

The Hijra (also transliterated Hijrah or Hegira) is the 622 CE migration of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib, later renamed Medina, undertaken to escape persecution and establish the first Muslim community there.[^1] The Arabic word hijra comes from a root meaning to emigrate or leave and is often glossed as migration or breaking of ties, and the year of this journey marks year 1 of the Islamic (Hijri) calendar.[^2]

Reasoning Tips

  • The date 622 plus the move from Mecca to Yathrib/Medina are classic markers of the Hijra, widely described as Muhammad’s migration that inaugurated the Medinan phase of early Islam.[^3]
  • The clue that the Arabic name literally means migration or breaking of ties points directly to hijra, which standard references translate as emigration or migration in this historical context.[^4]
  • Remember that Hijra, Hijrah, and Hegira are just different Latin‑alphabet spellings of the same Arabic term; any of them can show up in English‑language sources and quiz answer lines.[^5]
  • Many textbooks note that the Islamic (Hijri) calendar counts years from the Hijra, so any reference to the epoch of the Muslim calendar tied to a Mecca‑to‑Medina journey should cue this event.[^6]
  • Abu Bakr’s inclusion in the clue is extra confirmation: traditional accounts describe Muhammad leaving Mecca with his close companion Abu Bakr and hiding in a cave on their way to Medina as part of the Hijra.[^7]

Sources

Question 6: Smucker’s Uncrustables

Q6. FOOD/DRINK - Smuckers has sued Trader Joe’s, alleging that the grocer has copied its popular thaw-and-eat peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. What is the brand name of Smuckers’ version?

Uncrustables is a brand of frozen, sealed, crustless sandwiches—most famously peanut butter and jelly—owned and manufactured by The J. M. Smucker Company and sold as thaw‑and‑eat snacks in the United States and Canada.[^1] In October 2025 Smucker’s filed a federal lawsuit alleging that Trader Joe’s round, crustless frozen PB and J sandwiches with crimped edges and similar blue packaging infringe trademarks associated with Uncrustables’ design and trade dress.[^2]

Reasoning Tips

  • The description thaw‑and‑eat peanut butter and jelly sandwiches mirrors grocery listings for Smucker’s Uncrustables, which are sold frozen and meant to be thawed before eating.[^3]
  • Smucker’s is strongly associated with jams, jellies, and PB and J products, and Uncrustables is one of its best‑known modern brands, now generating close to one billion dollars in annual sales, so a lawsuit over copycat crustless PB and J points naturally to that name.[^4]
  • News coverage of the 2025 lawsuit repeatedly frames Trader Joe’s product as a copycat of Uncrustables, specifically mentioning the round shape, crimped edges, and blue packaging shared with Smucker’s sandwiches.[^5]
  • From a wordplay standpoint, Uncrustables is a descriptive yet brandable coinage: it literally suggests sandwiches without crusts, which can help you reconstruct the name even if you have only a vague memory of seeing the product.
  • In future questions, any reference to pre‑made, sealed, circular, crustless PB and J sandwiches in North American supermarkets is very likely pointing at Uncrustables unless otherwise specified.[^6]

Sources